Practical Logic |
Contents
| 3 | |
Syntactical Categories Syntactical Correctness of Expres | 17 |
NAMES | 24 |
Denotation of a Name | 32 |
RELATIONS BETWEEN DENOTATIONS OF NAMES | 41 |
PROPOSITIONS | 67 |
Elliptical Propositional Utterances | 73 |
Proposition Equivalents in our Consciousness | 83 |
THINKING WITH PREASSIGNED TASKS | 248 |
Explanatory Hypotheses | 254 |
PROBABILITY | 261 |
Determination of Probability of a Complex of Events | 267 |
LOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF JUSTIFYING | 275 |
Expert Opinions | 281 |
Types of Inference from Evidence in Court | 287 |
OF | 293 |
Negation | 94 |
Conjunction | 100 |
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS CONCERNING | 114 |
Transitive Relations | 117 |
The Concept of Norms of Conduct | 126 |
Verbal Form of Norms | 136 |
MODAL EXPRESSIONS | 146 |
Deontic Modalities | 153 |
APPENDIX | 154 |
Methods of Asking Questions | 159 |
CAUSES OF MISUNDERSTANDINGS | 165 |
Amphibolies | 172 |
DIRECT FOUNDATION | 179 |
DEDUCTIVE INFERENCE AND ITS LOGICAL BASES | 186 |
Deductive Inference | 192 |
Laws of Syllogistic Structure | 199 |
LOGICAL LAWS WITH NAME VARIABLES | 209 |
Laws of Categorical Syllogisms | 217 |
FALLACIES IN DEDUCTIVE INFERENCE | 223 |
PROBABILIFYING INFERENCES | 232 |
Methods of Induction | 239 |
Linguistic Rules of Interpretation | 305 |
Restrictive Interpretation and Extensive Interpretation | 314 |
Inferences Based on Instrumental Entailment of Norms | 322 |
LOGICAL DIVISION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK | 330 |
Differentiation of Types and Logical Division | 337 |
Variety of Problems and of Investigatory Methods in Juridi | 343 |
THE ART OF ARGUMENTATION | 349 |
Objections in Disputation | 355 |
Introduction | 360 |
A System of Deontic Logic | 361 |
Relative Deontic Systems | 373 |
Deontic Systems Based on Modal Logic | 376 |
A System of Deontic Logic with Quantifiers | 381 |
Consistency of Obligations | 394 |
Deontic Permission | 401 |
Paradoxical Theorems of Deontic Logic | 413 |
Commitment | 421 |
Conclusion | 425 |
101 | 428 |
| 431 | |
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Common terms and phrases
according action addressee answer antecedent apperceptions axiological axioms basis belonging commands component propositions concerning conclusion connection consequence court deductive inference definite denotation deontic logic deontic propositional deontic system designata designatum discussion disjunction division divisionis equivalent established evaluations example exclusive disjunction expression fact fallacy false forbidden formal fallacy formulated fulfil functor given Hence hypothesis implication indicated induction instance interpretation John considered judge juridical kind language latter lawgiver lawyers legal norms logical law logical value manner material fallacy meaning N₁ negation non-P norm n norm of conduct objects obliged occur particular person Peter possess possible Poznań premises probability problem proh prohibition properties proposition q propositional calculus propositional formulae propositional functions provisions question reason regard relation of entailment rules sense sentence signification square of opposition statements statute structure subject complement substitution suppositio syllogism theorem tion truth universal proposition utterance valid variables words